A relation between the polarizability α of a molecule and the dielectric constant ε of a dielectric substance made up of molecules with this polarizability. The Clausius-Mossotti equation can be written in the form α = (3/4πN)/[(ε – 1)/(ε – 2)], where N is the number of molecules per unit volume.
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What is the use of Clausius-Mossotti equation?
The Clausius-Mossotti equation relates the dielectric constant of a material to the polarisability of its atoms. It finds natural explanation in terms of the (often omitted) delta function in the electric field of an ideal dipole. This avoids the subtleties of the rather tricky conventional derivation.
What is Alpha in Clausius-Mossotti equation?
α is the polarizability of the molecule. By assuming the near field E3 is zero, Clausius and Mossotti derived a relation for the dielectric constant of a material under electronic and ionic polarization [21]. This is known as the clausius –Mossotti equation for non polar dielectrics.
What is N in Clausius-Mossotti equation?
The Clausius-Mossotti equation for dielectric matter consisting of atoms or (non-polar) molecules is. where ε0 is the electric constant (permittivity of the vacuum) and N is the number density (number of atoms or molecules per volume).
What is Clausius-Mossotti equation in physics?
The Clausius-Mossotti equation expresses the relation between the dielectric constant (relative permittivity) of a material in terms of the atomic polarizability of the material’s constituent atoms and/or molecules or a homogeneous mixture.
What is Clausius-Mossotti factor?
The Clausius-Mossotti factor as a function of the frequency of the applied voltage for different dielectric properties of a 10-m-diameter biological cell. and are the permittivity and the electrical conductivity of the cell interior. The units of C , G , and are mF=m , kS=m , and S/m, respectively.
What are the limitations of Clausius-Mossotti equation?
Absence of short-range interaction. The above mentioned conditions are satisfied with neutral molecules having no constant dipoles (i.e. non-polar). Therefore the above equation is applicable to neutral liquids and specially to gases. Clausius-Mossotti Equation is not applicable to strong solutions and solids.
What is Clausius statement in thermodynamics?
The Clausius Statement was expressed as “Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time”, and the Kelvin–Planck Statement as “It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no other effect than the production of …
How do you pronounce Clausius-Mossotti?
What is a dielectric constant?
Dielectric constant (ϵr) is defined as the ratio of the electric permeability of the material to the electric permeability of free space (i.e., vacuum) and its value can derived from a simplified capacitor model.
Which is Lorentz relation?
In physics, the Lorentz-Lorenz relation is an equation between the index of refraction n and the density ρ of a dielectric (non-conducting matter), where the proportionality constant K depends on the polarizability of the molecules constituting the dielectric.
What is Lorentz local field?
[′lȯr‚ens ¦lō·kəl ′fēld] (electricity) In a theory of electric polarization, the average electric field due to the polarization at a molecular site that is calculated under the assumption that the field due to polarization by molecules inside a small sphere centered at the site may be neglected.
What is dielectric loss in capacitor?
dielectric loss, loss of energy that goes into heating a dielectric material in a varying electric field. For example, a capacitor incorporated in an alternating-current circuit is alternately charged and discharged each half cycle.
What do you mean by polarizability?
Polarizability is defined as the ease with which the electron cloud of an atom or molecule is distorted.
What is local field in physics?
In dielectric solids, the atoms or molecules experience not only the external applied electric field but also the electric field produced by the dipoles. The resultant electric field acting on the atoms or molecules of dielectric substance is called the local field or an internal field.
What is Langevin Debye equation?
In contradistinction to the old quantum theory, the new quantum mechanics yields very generally the Langevin and Debye formulas χ=Nα+Nμ23kT for the magnetic and dielectric susceptibilities respectively.
What do you understand by molar polarization?
The molar polarization of a gas is the sum of electronic, atomic and orientational effects.
What is molecular polarizability?
Molecular polarizability is the response of electron distribution to an externally-applied static electric field.
What is DEP force?
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a phenomenon in which a force is exerted on a dielectric particle when it is subjected to a non-uniform electric field. This force does not require the particle to be charged. All particles exhibit dielectrophoretic activity in the presence of electric fields.
Why are large molecules more Polarizable?
Generally, polarizability increases as the volume occupied by electrons increases. In atoms, this occurs because larger atoms have more loosely held electrons in contrast to smaller atoms with tightly bound electrons. On rows of the periodic table, polarizability therefore decreases from left to right.
Which is standard is used to measure dielectric strength of liquid insulating material?
ASTM D149 and IEC 60243-1 are the standard test procedures to measure dielectric strength of a material [19,51].
What is the unit of polarization?
The polarization of a medium P gives the electric dipole moment per unit volume of the material; it is expressed in units of coulombs per metre squared.
Which among the following is a dielectric?
The dielectric is a material through which no electric current passes. Here the given materials-plastic, mica and porcelain are all the dielectric because current can not pass through them.
What is the meaning of the term polarization and explain how do you find the field of a polarized object?
Polarization occurs when an electric field distorts the negative cloud of electrons around positive atomic nuclei in a direction opposite the field. This slight separation of charge makes one side of the atom somewhat positive and the opposite side somewhat negative.
Which equation represent the Clausius theorem?
Introduction to Entropy: Clausius discovered that, when a small amount of heat δQ is supplied to a system, which is at an absolute temperature T, then it will undergo a process, and the ratio δQ/T is same for all reversible processes. He assigned the value δQ/T = dS and called S as entropy.