Radiation is energy, in the form of particles or electromagnetic rays, released from radioactive atoms. The three most common types of radiation are alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
What is radiation in science PDF?
Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy as waves or particles through space or through a material medium which is able to penetrate various materials and is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles.
What is basic radiation physics?
Radiation is classified into two main categories: non-ionizing and ionizing, depending on its ability to ionize matter. The ionisation potential of atoms, i.e., the minimum energy required to ionize an atom, ranges from a few eV for alkali elements to 24.5 eV for helium (noble gas).
What are the types of radiation in physics?
There are four major types of radiation: alpha, beta, neutrons, and electromagnetic waves such as gamma rays.
What are the 7 types of radiation?
The electromagnetic spectrum is generally divided into seven regions, in order of decreasing wavelength and increasing energy and frequency. The common designations are radio waves, microwaves, infrared (IR), visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, X-rays and gamma-rays.
What is the unit of radiation?
The radiation dose absorbed by a person (that is, the amount of energy deposited in human tissue by radiation) is measured using the conventional unit rad or the SI unit gray (Gy).
What are the properties of radiation?
Radiation can be absorbed by substances in its path. For example, alpha radiation travels only a few centimetres in air, beta radiation travels tens of centimetres in air, and gamma radiation travels very large distances.
What is radiation in physics and examples?
Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through space and may be able to penetrate various materials. Light, radio, and microwaves are types of radiation that are called nonionizing.
What are the sources of radiation?
- Natural background radiation. Cosmic radiation. Terrestrial radiation. Inhalation. Ingestion.
- Artificial sources of radiation. Atmospheric testing. Medical sources. Industrial sources. Nuclear fuel cycle.
What are the uses of radiation?
Today, to benefit humankind, radiation is used in medicine, academics, and industry, as well as for generating electricity. In addition, radiation has useful applications in such areas as agriculture, archaeology (carbon dating), space exploration, law enforcement, geology (including mining), and many others.
What are the effects of radiation?
How Radiation Affects Your Body. Radiation can damage the DNA in our cells. High doses of radiation can cause Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) or Cutaneous Radiation Injuries (CRI). High doses of radiation could also lead to cancer later in life.
What radiation is harmful?
Gamma rays are the most harmful external hazard. Beta particles can partially penetrate skin, causing “beta burns”. Alpha particles cannot penetrate intact skin.
What is called radiation?
Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light. This energy has an electric field and a magnetic field associated with it, and has wave-like properties. You could also call radiation “electromagnetic waves”.
What are the two main types of radiation?
There are two kinds of radiation: non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons from atoms. Examples of this kind of radiation are radio waves, visible light and microwaves.
How is radiation formed?
Ionizing radiation is produced by unstable atoms. Unstable atoms differ from stable atoms because unstable atoms have an excess of energy or mass or both. Radiation can also be produced by high-voltage devices (e.g., x-ray machines). Unstable atoms are said to be radioactive.
What are the 4 type of waves?
- Mechanical waves.
- Electromagnetic waves.
- Matter waves.
Who discovered radiation?
Although it was Henri Becquerel that discovered the phenomenon, it was his doctoral student, Marie Curie, who named it: radioactivity. She would go on to do much more pioneering work with radioactive materials, including the discovery of additional radioactive elements: thorium, polonium, and radium.
Which is an example of radiation?
Energy emitted from a source is generally referred to as radiation. Examples include heat or light from the sun, microwaves from an oven, X rays from an X-ray tube and gamma rays from radioactive elements. Ionizing radiation can remove electrons from the atoms, i.e. it can ionize atoms.
What are 4 ways radiation is measured?
- Radioactivity refers to the amount of ionizing radiation released by a material.
- Exposure describes the amount of radiation traveling through the air.
What is a GREY in radiation?
gray (Gy): The new international system (SI) unit of radiation dose, expressed as absorbed energy per unit mass of tissue. The SI unit “gray” has replaced the older “rad” designation. 1 Gy = 1 Joule/kilogram = 100 rad.
What is the value of 1 roentgen?
One roentgen is equivalent to 0.000258 coulomb per kilogram or 1R = 2.58×10-4 C/kg. Mathematically, roentgen is considered a form of exposure (X) which refers to the charge transmitted (∆Q) by a certain mass of air (m) which can thus be expressed as the equation: X=ΔQ/m.
Is radiation a particle?
Familiar types of electromagnetic radiation include sunlight (cosmic radiation), x-rays, radar, and radio waves. The other form of radiation — known as particle radiation — is tiny fast-moving particles that have both energy and mass (weight).
What is the half life of radiation?
Half-life is the length of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a specific radionuclide to decay. A good rule of thumb is that, after seven half-lives, you will have less than one percent of the original amount of radiation.
Is all radiation light?
All electromagnetic radiation is light, but we can only see a small portion of this radiation—the portion we call visible light.
What are 5 examples of radiation?
- ultraviolet light from the sun.
- heat from a stove burner.
- visible light from a candle.
- x-rays from an x-ray machine.
- alpha particles emitted from the radioactive decay of uranium.
- sound waves from your stereo.
- microwaves from a microwave oven.
- electromagnetic radiation from your cell phone.