Radio waves can propagate from transmitter to receiver in four ways: through ground waves, sky waves, free space waves, and open field waves. Ground waves exist only for vertical polarization, produced by vertical antennas, when the transmitting and receiving antennas are close to the surface of the earth.
What are the applications of wave propagation?
Line-of-sight communication. Satellite communication. Radar communication. Television broadcast.
What are the 3 methods of radio waves propagation?
- Free space propagation, where radio waves are not influenced by the earth or its atmosphere.
- Ground wave propagation, where radio waves follow the surface of the earth.
- Ionospheric propagation, where radio waves are refracted by ionised layers in the atmosphere.
What 5 factors can affect the propagation of radio waves?
As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering.
What is the meaning of wave propagation?
Definition of Wave propagation: Progression and transformation of waves in time and space. This is the common definition for Wave propagation, other definitions can be discussed in the article.
What is propagation physics?
In physics, propagation is wave movement. Definitions of propagation. the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production. synonyms: generation, multiplication. types: biogenesis, biogeny.
What is radio propagation characteristics?
In general, radio wave propagation consists of three main attributes: reflection, diffraction and scattering (see Figure 3.1) [2]. Reflection occurs when radio wave propagating in one medium impinges upon another medium with different electromagnetic properties.
What is radio propagation model?
A radio propagation model describes the behavior of the signal while it is transmitted from the transmitter towards the receiver. It gives a relation between the distance of transmitter & receiver and the path loss. From this relation, one can get an idea about the allowed path loss and the maximum cell range.
What is the need for radio propagation?
Radio propagation is the way radio signals are transmitted from one point to another inside the earth’s atmosphere or free space. Since these are electromagnetic waves, they exhibit properties such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization and scattering.
What are the properties of radio waves?
- Property 1: Radio waves are a form of radiation known as electromagnetic waves.
- Property 2: Radio waves can travel for a long distance.
- Property 3: Radio waves can penetrate through materials.
- Property 4: Radio waves cannot be felt and they are invisible.
What is the importance of radio waves?
Radio waves are used for wireless transmission of sound messages, or information, for communication, as well as for maritime and aircraft navigation. The information is imposed on the electromagnetic carrier wave as amplitude modulation (AM) or as frequency modulation (FM) or in digital form (pulse modulation).
What are the two types of propagation model?
The two basic propagation models (Free-Space and Plane Earth Loss) have all the mechanisms which are encountered in macrocell prediction. Many researchers use these models and predict the total signal loss.
What is propagation mechanism?
The main NLOS propagation mechanisms are reflection, scattering, and diffraction. Reflection occurs when a wave impinges on an object that is smooth, which means that any protrusions have dimensions much larger than a wavelength. Reflection is accompanied by refraction (transmission of the wave through the object).
Why do radio waves travel farther at night?
At night, however, once the sun begins to set, the electrons and ions in the D region recombine rapidly – leaving more room for the radio waves to travel a little farther up.
What is an example of wave propagation?
What is an example of wave propagation? Electromagnetic waves such as radio waves, visible light, and X-rays are examples of transverse waves. These waves are composed of electric and magnetic fields propagating perpendicular to each other.
What are the two ways to propagate waves?
For electromagnetic waves, propagation may occur in a vacuum as well as in the material medium. Other wave types cannot propagate through a vacuum and need a transmission medium to exist.
What are the two types of wave?
Waves come in two kinds, longitudinal and transverse. Transverse waves are like those on water, with the surface going up and down, and longitudinal waves are like of those of sound, consisting of alternating compressions and rarefactions in a medium.
What is example of propagation?
Propagation is the reproduction or spreading of something. When a plant or animal reproduces, this is an example of propagation. When an idea or a trend spreads to a new area, this is an example of propagation. Multiplication or increase, as by natural reproduction.
What affects wave propagation?
The factors that affect ground wave propagation are the nature of the ground, weather, polarization, and signal frequency.
What is another term for propagation?
Synonyms & Near Synonyms for propagation. spread, transmission.
What is diffraction in radio propagation?
Radio wave diffraction is the scattering of radio frequency or lower frequencies from the Earth’s ionosphere, resulting in the ability to achieve greater distance radio broadcasting. Sound wave diffraction is the bending of sound waves, as the sound travels around edges of geometric objects.
What is the origin of radio waves?
Natural sources of radio waves include radio noise produced by lightning and other natural processes in the Earth’s atmosphere, and astronomical radio sources in space such as the Sun, galaxies and nebulas. All warm objects radiate high frequency radio waves (microwaves) as part of their black body radiation.
What is mobile radio propagation?
Mobile radio propagation is divided into four categories: land mobile radio, aviation mobile radio, maritime mobile radio, and satellite mobile radio. The propagation characteristics of each vary substantially depending on the type of the mobile unit and the condition of the propagation path.
What is radio wave propagation fading?
Fading is a radio propagation phenomenon caused by the constructive and destructive interference of two or more copies of the same signal that arrive at the receiver at different times. Fading is likely to lead to poor communication performance because it causes loss of signal power without reducing the power of noise.
What is a propagation study?
Propagation Study means a computer generated study estimating the signal emanating, and prediction of coverage, from antennas or repeaters sited on a specific tower or structure.