What is a free and bound current?

A free charge is not bound to the nucleus and can have energy at zero. Moreover, the energy it possesses is always of a kinetic character. A bound charge, on the other hand, is bound to the nucleus and can only have quantized energy.

How do you find the bound current?

To find the bound surface current use n = s. The problem describes this as a long cylinder, which means that end effects may be neglected. This surface current is only defined at the surface where s = R. = −kR2 z (7) since ˆ φ × s = −z.

How are bound currents produced?

Essentially the magnetic moment of the unpaired electron lines up with the applied B-field in order to minimize its energy. In much the same way as an electric field creates bound charges on the surface of a dielectric, a magnetic field creates bound currents on the surface of a magnetic material.

What do you mean by bound currents explain the physical interpretation of bound currents?

Bound charges in a solid are charges that can’t move around and conduct current in that solid. e.g. In rubber, the molecules of rubber don’t have any free electrons, so if you apply an electric field or voltage to the rubber, it will not conduct the electricity.

What is the meaning of a free current?

noun. any electric charge that can be placed on a conductor or on or within a dielectric or that moves freely in space (opposed to polarization charge)

What is the unit of bound charge?

Bound charge is the unit normal vector to the surface. and dividing by the differential surface element dS gives the bound surface charge density: where P is the polarization density, i.e. density of electric dipole moments within the material, and dV is the differential volume element.

Is total bound current always zero?

Note that the total current (volume + surface) is zero, since they are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

What is surface bound current?

What is free current density?

Current density or electric current density is related to electromagnetism and is defined as the amount of electric current flowing through a unit cross-sectional area. It is a vector quantity. The SI unit of electric current density is ampere per square meter.

What is SI unit of magnetization?

SI unit : =A/m. (Ampere per meter)

What is called magnetization?

Magnetization, also termed magnetic polarization, is a vector quantity that measures the density of permanent or induced dipole moment in a given magnetic material. As we know, magnetization results from the magnetic moment, which results from the motion of electrons in the atoms or the spin of electrons or the nuclei.

What is magnetizing force?

The force exerted by a magnet which is determined by the sum of all lines of magnetic flux present in a magnetic field.

What is physical interpretation of bound charge?

(b; bound charges) 7 Page 8 Physical Interpretation of Bound Charges Consider a long string of dipoles; The net charge at the ends called bound charge to remind that it cannot be removed; in a dielectric every electron is attached to a specific atom or molecule.

What is magnetic dipole and dipole moment?

A magnetic dipole is a magnetic north pole and a magnetic south pole separated by a small distance. Magnetic dipole moments have dimensions of current times area or energy divided by magnetic flux density. The unit for dipole moment in metre–kilogram– second–ampere is ampere-square metre.

Are bound charges real?

Bound charges are a real configuration of charge. Imagine that we have lined a up a bunch of dipoles as shown in figure 1 with the arrows representing the vector of each dipole. Notice that the head of one dipole cancels off the tail of another dipole leaving one charge at each end with each charge being opposite.

Which is the unit for current?

The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602 176 634 x 10-19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ΔνCs.

What is current formula?

Ohm’s law relates the current flowing through a conductor to the voltage V and resistance R; that is, V = IR. An alternative statement of Ohm’s law is I = V/R.

Why current density is a vector?

Current density is a vector quantity because it’s a product of charge density and velocity, here charge density is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity, which makes current density also a vector quantity.

What’s the use of bound charge?

Bound charge is a useful construct for calculating the electrostatic field of polarized material, and it represents a perfectly genuine accumulation of charge.

What is bound charge Class 12?

Bound charges are charges in a solid that cannot move around and conduct current. For example, rubber molecules do not possess free electrons, so if an electric field or voltage is applied to the rubber, it will not conduct electricity.

What is bound charge density?

The bound charge volume density is negative of the divergence of the polarization density. The divergence theorem says this is equal to the negative of the surface integral over the surface that bounds the dielectric.

How do you find the bound charge density?

What is the relation between current density and charge density?

By definition, current density is the product of charge density (ρ) and velocity (v).

What is the formula for surface charge density?

Suppose q is the charge and a is the area of the surface over which it flows, then the formula of surface charge density is σ = q/A, and the S.I. unit of surface charge density is coulombs per square meter (cm−2).

What is magnetic intensity in physics?

(b) The magnetic intensity (H) is defined as the product of the number of turns per unit length in a coil (n) and the current that it carries (I).